Is the lift on ban of Jallikattu (Tamil Nadu's bull taming sport) justified?

The justification for lifting the ban on Jallikattu, Tamil Nadu's traditional bull-taming sport, is a complex and contentious issue, involving cultural, legal, and animal welfare considerations.

Cultural and Historical Significance

Jallikattu has deep roots in the cultural and historical heritage of Tamil Nadu, dating back thousands of years and mentioned in ancient Tamil literature such as Sangam literature25. It is an integral part of the Pongal celebrations, particularly on Mattu Pongal Day, and is linked to agricultural, fertility, and valorous themes. The sport is also associated with temple festivals and is seen as a form of religious offering25.

Legal Battles

The sport has been through numerous legal challenges. The Supreme Court of India initially banned Jallikattu in 2014, citing cruelty to animals and the inherent pain and suffering it causes to the bulls134. However, following widespread protests and political pressure, the Tamil Nadu government passed the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 2017, which exempted Jallikattu from the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. This amendment was later upheld by the Supreme Court in May 2023, when a five-judge Constitution Bench validated the amendments made by Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra to permit traditional bull-taming sports14.

Animal Welfare Concerns

Opponents, including the Animal Welfare Board of India and PETA, argue that Jallikattu involves inherent cruelty to animals. The Supreme Court had earlier ruled that the sport subjects bulls to unnecessary pain and suffering, as they are not anatomically suited for such activities13.

Current Regulations

To address these concerns, the Tamil Nadu government has implemented various regulations and safeguards. These include the requirement for bulls to be registered and monitored by the Animal Welfare Board, the presence of veterinarians to certify and treat the bulls, and the deposit of a significant amount by organizers in case of accidents or injuries14.

Conclusion

The justification for lifting the ban can be seen from two perspectives:

• Cultural Preservation: The sport is deeply embedded in the cultural and religious fabric of Tamil Nadu, and its continuation is seen as essential for preserving these traditions.
• Regulated Practice: With the implementation of strict regulations and safeguards, the practice is now more controlled, aiming to minimize harm to the animals involved.

However, the debate remains ongoing, with animal welfare groups continuing to challenge the legality and ethics of the sport. Ultimately, the Supreme Court's decision in May 2023 to uphold the amendments allowing Jallikattu reflects a balance between cultural preservation and the need to ensure animal welfare within the framework of the law.